Finishing Up O'Reilly's Seven Web 2.0 Principles

In earlier posts I discussed two of the O'Reilly Web 2.0 principles ("The Web as Platform" and "Harnessing Collective Intelligence"). In this entry I'll discuss a couple more: "End of the Software Release Cycle" and "Rich User Experiences." I would also like to note two other O'Reilly principles, "Data is the Next Intel Inside" and "Software Above the Level of a Single Device," which I will not delve into. However, if you would like more information on these two principles please see the "What is Web 2.0" article I have been referencing for these posts.

End of the Software Release Cycle
What exactly does "End of the Software Release Cycle" mean? Essentially, the Web 2.0 era is a time of the constant beta -- software accessed through the internet with a web browser is always in the developmental stage. Take the Google applications as an example. I use Gmail, Calendar, Documents, and Reader and they are always evolving. However, the evolution is not intrusive -- meaning that it does not affect my ability to continue to use the tools. Most of the changes are transparent, but occasionally there will be a significant update that is easily apparent. Of the Google tools I use, Documents seems to change the most. See the below image from a Phil Lenssen 28 Feb blog post.

As you can see, the change here was a simple update to the tool bar in Google Documents. But this change highlights the continuous beta cycle of the Web 2.0 era. As O'Reilly states, "...one of the defining characteristics of internet era software is that it is delivered as a service, not as a product."

The Google Documents example is pretty powerful because, essentially, what you have with Documents is an internet mini version (word processor, spreadsheet, and presentation software) of the Microsoft Office suite -- albeit a less robust version -- that only requires a web browser, is constantly evolving (in beta form), is accessible anywhere there is internet access, and there is no long software development and release cycle. The service is always being improved and it's free. This type of development cycle is significantly different than what we are used to from the PC or client-server era, and will require a significant paradigm shift for software companies still in the design and release a product model -- as opposed to a software as a service model.

Rich User Experiences
This is another way of saying that web developers are now able to build web applications as rich as local PC-based applications.

Continuing with the Google theme, according to O'Reilly, Gmail was the first "mainstream" web application to deliver rich user interfaces and PC-equivalent interactivity. The combination of several technologies, which became known as AJAX, made this leap forward possible. Since Gmail was introduced a flood of other software service applications with rich interfaces has followed. According to O'Reilly:

"We expect to see many new web applications over the next few years, both truly novel applications, and rich web reimplementations of PC applications. Every platform change to date has also created opportunities for a leadership change in the dominant applications of the previous platform."

Using the Google Documents example again, essentially O'Reilly is saying that a platform change -- from a PC-based software PRODUCT (Microsoft Office) to an internet-based comparative software SERVICE (Google Documents) -- based on a rich user experience has the potential to cause a paradigm shift in the way we view and use computers.

At the end of the day, O'Reilly's Web 2.0 principles have offered a great start point for exploring the Web 2.0 phenomena. With these principles as a foundation, in future posts I will delve into some of the Web 2.0 applications and technology that I am discovering.

Defining Web 2.0 (Videos): Three Different Definitions

I was dong a little research on YouTube and found a few videos I thought I would share.

1. This video is a short clip (50 seconds) of Tim O'Reilly "defining" Web 2.0. O'Reilly, as with everything else I have read by him, approaches a Web 2.0 definition from a business process perspective.

2. This clip (5:17) takes the information from the Wikipedia entry for Web 2.0 and presents it in video format. Nothing earth shattering, but for those of you who prefer the movie over the book, this is for you.

3. The final clip (3:00), which I found to be the most enlightening, is from Andi Gutmans, co-founder of Zend. Gutmans approaches a definition of Web 2.0 from more of a technical standpoint. His main Web 2.0 attributes are:
1. Rich Internet Applications (RIA)
-Flash
-Ajax
2. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
-Feeds
-RSS
-Web Services
-Mash-Ups
3. Social Web
-Tagging
-Wiki
-Blogging
-Podcasting

'The Grid': A New Internet, But on Steroids

I was surfing my Google Reader today and stumbled across a Sunday Times article titled, "Coming Soon: A Super Fast Internet" -- this peeked my interest. The intro to the article read, "The Internet could soon be made obsolete. The scientists who pioneered it have now built a lightning-fast replacement capable of downloading entire feature films within seconds. At speeds about 10,000 times faster than a typical broadband connection, “the grid” will be able to send the entire Rolling Stones back catalog from Britain to Japan in less than two seconds" [1]. Kind of like an Internet on steroids -- I wonder if Jose Canseco knows about this?...

The article went on to state that Cern, the particle physics center near Geneva where Tim Berners-Lee invented the web, started the grid computing project seven years ago (sorry, Jose) to support the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) -- the LHC is designed to probe the origin of the universe. Apparently, scientists working on the LHC project estimated that, once it goes on line this summer, the annual data output could be 56 million CDs worth of information. I'm not sure how much data that is, but it sounds like a lot. They determined that that data output might bring the Internet to its knees; hence, the creation of the grid.

While the Internet is created with a mix of cables and routing equipment originally designed for voice transmission, the grid has been built with dedicated fiber optic cables and modern routing centers. According to the article, 55,000 servers -- with a goal of reaching 200,000 within the next two years -- have already been installed. The grid connects Cern to eleven other centers in the U.S., Canada, the Far East, and Europe.

A simple Google search turns up a ton of information on this subject. Obviously, this is new to me, but it's not really new. For a few quick references I found, check out the below links:

-Father of the Grid
-Grid Computing (Wikipedia)
-Open Grid Forum

The notion of the grid interested me because of its potential to alter how we interact with the Internet. While the grid, as designed by the folks at Cern, has a specific mission to help process LHC data, and is not expected to be available to the public, its pioneering capabilities and technologies could influence a new Internet. After all, isn't that how we got to where we are today with the Internet? David Britton, a leading figure on the grid project, summed up the potential by stating, "With this kind of computing power, future generations will have the ability to collaborate and communicate in ways older people like me cannot even imagine" [1]. Can you say Web 3.0?...

For some reason when I first read the Sunday Times article my first thought was The Matrix. Not sure why -- maybe it was the whole grid/matrix similarity... I don't know, in any event, it has nothing to do with the grid but I thought I would through The Matrix trailer in for your enjoyment...

References:
1. Jonathan Leake (2008-08-06). Coming Soon: Superfast Internet

Google Reader for Wii

In my previous post I mentioned aggregate readers tied to RSS feeds as a key component of harnessing collective intelligence in the Web 2.0 age. I also promised that, sometime in the future, I would write a post on aggregate readers, and I still intend to do that. However, this morning while surfing some older Google blog entries I came across an interesting post on using Google Reader with the Nintendo Wii gaming system. As a Google Reader fan, and new Wii system owner (Christmas) I was intrigued by this combination.

Before getting started, however, it's important to note that in order to use Google Reader with the Wii, your Wii must be connected to the net (I know that's a blinding flash of the obvious, but I thought I better float that small detail out there...). The other thing you're going to need is the Opera-based browser for the Wii, which can be purchased for a few dollars (Wii Points) through the Wii Shop Channel. Once you have this, you're all set. Fire up the browser on your Wii and navigate to google.reader.com. If you'd like to try the Google Reader interface in a regular browser, visit www.google.com/reader/wii to go into Wii mode.

The Opera browser is a little clunky -- you have to be patient entering URLs -- and navigating with the Wii remote can test your patience, but it was nice to sit in my Eames Lounge Chair and check out the updates that were flowing in to my Google Reader. It's not as efficient as a traditional browser, but it's better than what you get on a hand-held device such as a Blackberry. Below are the simple navigating instructions for using the Wii remote.

• up/down: scroll up/down
• right/left: next/previous item
• 1 button: show subscriptions
• 2 button: show links

When showing subscriptions:

• up/down: previous/next subscription
• right: select current subscription
• left: close
• -/+: collapse/expand folder

All things considered, I found the Google Reader on the Wii to be a good option if you're too lazy on a rainy Sunday morning to get your laptop.

If your interested in some more detail, check out Mihai Parparita's blog post. Also, check out the below video, which was also included as part of Parparita's post. Enjoy.

Harnessing Collective Intelligence

The second of Tim O'Reilly's seven Web 2.0 principles is Harnessing Collective Intelligence [1]. Harnessing collective intelligence means that individuals surfing the the web have the ability to add and/or modify the content of a web page -- thus adding collective intelligence. I have found three key examples that explain this principle nicely.

The prime example associated with this principle is Wikipedia. If you don't already know, Wikipedia is an online encyclopedia that allows any web user to create or edit entries -- as opposed to, say, Encyclopedia Britannica, which uses a relatively small number of experts to derive their information from. Wikipedia offers a wide-open social forum that encourages participation, but also has an established methodology for ensuring the veracity of the information contained within the site. Some argue that allowing the free-form creation and editing of information is dangerous business, and that the information offered by the Wikipedia nation is not reliable. However, according to a 2005 study conducted by the journal Nature, Wikipedia is every bit as accurate as Encyclopedia Britannica [2].

The Wikipedia model for a user-created encyclopedia, to many, is a monumental leap of faith. O'Reilly refers to it as a "radical experiment in trust" [1]. However, the Wikipedia idea has been successful enough that it has become the model for a new U.S. intelligence community collaboration initiative called Intellipedia. And the term wiki has become synonymous with collaborative web sites. For more information on Intellepedia see Clive Thompson's New York Times article titled, "Open-Source Spying" [3].

Another key example of Harnessing Collective Intelligence is the rise of the blog. Personal web pages have been around since Al Gore created the Internet. However, the current format of "personal pages" -- the blog -- allows the common web surfer (like yours truly), with no knowledge of HTML, to create highly interactive, chronological running dialogues with rich content. Like a wiki, a blog offers web surfers a myriad means to create, edit, and control information. This blog is a good example because, with very little training, a casual computer user like me can create an interactive site that hosts hyperlinks, pictures, streaming video, and the ability for site visitors to comment on the blog content.

A technology called Really Simple Syndication/Rich Site Summary (RSS) is another important tool for harnessing collective intelligence. If you spend any time surfing the web, chances are you have seen the icon located to the left. O'Reilly goes so far as to categorize that "RSS is the most significant advance in the fundamental architecture of the web since early hackers realized that CGI could be used to create data-based backed websites" [1]. In its simplest form RSS allows a web surfer to subscribe to a page, and receive notification every time the content on that page changes. The link between RSS, the wiki, and the blog is the fact that RSS has created an ease of interaction between all of the Web 2.0 collaboration tools. RSS "pushes" information to a single location (the aggregator), which in turn increases the interaction on wikis and blogs.

In order to view RSS feeds you need to have what's called an aggregator. An aggregator provides a consolidated view of content in a single browser display or desktop application. There are a number of web and client-based aggregators available as freeware. I will discuss aggregators in a future blog, but for those not familiar with them, Google Reader is a great web-based aggregator, while FeedReader offers a solid client-based aggregator. More to follow on this subject...

Finally, Michael Wesch, Assistant Professor of Cultural Anthropology at Kansas State University, released the below video titled "Web 2.0 ... The Machine is Us/ing Us" on YouTube on January 31, 2007. The video sums up nicely some of the things I have discussed in this blog entry.



Allowing users to create and edit data is a profound advancement in the evolution of the internet. Wikis, blogs, and RSS are but a few key examples of how the web community collaborates and endeavors to harness a collective intelligence.

References:
1. Tim O'Reilly (2005-09-30). What is Web 2.0: Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software
2. Jim Giles (2005-12-15). Nature Special Report: Internet encyclopaedias go head to head
3. Clive Owen (2006-12-3). Open Source Spying